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| Map Set Name: |
Almond-NL-F1-2010 |
[ Show Only This Set ] |
| Abbreviated Name: |
Almond-NL-F1-2010 |
[ Download Map Set Data ] |
| Accession ID: |
157 |
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| Species: |
Prunus amygdalus (Almond) |
[ View Species Info ] |
| Map Type: |
Genetic |
[ View Map Type Info ] |
| Map Units: |
cM |
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| Published On: |
01 September, 2009 |
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Description:
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Peach and almond have been considered as model species for the family Rosaceae and other woody plants. Consequently, mapping and characterisation of genes in these species has important implications. High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis is a recent development in the detection of SNPs and other markers, and proved to be an efficient and cost-effective approach. In this study, we aimed to map genes corresponding to known proteins in other species using the HRM approach. Prunus unigenes were searched and compared with known proteins in the public databases. We developed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, polymorphic in a mapping population produced from a cross between the cloned cultivars Nonpareil and Lauranne. A total of 12 SNP-anchored putative genes were genotyped in the population using HRM, and mapped to an existing linkage map. These genes were mapped on six linkage groups, and the predicted proteins were compared to putative orthologs in other species. Amongst those genes, four were abiotic stress-responsive genes, which can provide a starting point for construction of an abiotic resistance map. Two allergy and detoxification related genes, respectively, were also mapped and analysed. Most of the investigated genes had high similarities to sequences from closely related species such as apricot, apple and other eudicots, and these are putatively orthologous. In addition, it was shown that HRM can be an effective means of genotyping populations for the purpose of constructing a linkage map. Our work provides basic genomic information for the 12 genes, which can be used for further genetic and functional studies. |
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| Map Set Name: |
Almond-RD-F1 |
[ Show Only This Set ] |
| Abbreviated Name: |
Almond-RD-F1 |
[ Download Map Set Data ] |
| Accession ID: |
57 |
[ View Map Set In Matrix ] |
| Species: |
Prunus amygdalus (Almond) |
[ View Species Info ] |
| Map Type: |
Genetic |
[ View Map Type Info ] |
| Map Units: |
cM |
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| Published On: |
01 February, 2010 |
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Description of 2007 map:
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Six tree traits (self-compatibility, blooming date, blooming density,
productivity, leafing date and ripening time) and five pomological
traits (kernel taste, in-shell weight, shell hardness, kernel weight and
double kernel) were studied in an F1 almond progeny of 167 seedlings
from the cross between the French cultivar R1000 and the Spanish
cultivar Desmayo Largueta . In addition, a set of 135 codominant
microsatellites or simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed
from peach, cherry and almond were used for the molecular characterization
of the progeny. A genetic linkage map was constructed with
56 of these SSRs. Cosegregation analysis allowed the identification of
the map positions of two major genes to be confirmed for kernel taste
(Sk) in linkage group five (G5) and for self-incompatibility (S) in G6.
QTLs mapped include two for leafing date (Lf-Q1 and Lf-Q2) in G1
and G4, one for shell hardness (D-Q) in G2, one each for double kernel
(Dk-Q) and productivity (P-Q) in G4, one for blooming date (Lb-Q) in
G4, two for kernel weight (Kw-Q1 and Kw-Q2) in G1 and G4, and two
for in-shell weight (Shw-Q1 and Shw-Q2) in G1 and G2. Four SSR loci
(BPPCT011, UDP96-013, UDP96-003 and PceGA025) were linked to
the important agronomic traits of leafing date, shell hardness,
blooming date and kernel taste. Finally, the development of efficient
marker-assisted selection strategies applied to almond and other
Prunus breeding programmes was also discussed.
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Description of 2010 map:
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Upon crushing, amygdalin present in bitter almonds is hydrolysed to benzaldehyde, which gives a bitter flavour, and to cyanide, which is toxic. Bitterness is attributable to the recessive allele of the Sweet kernel (Sk/sk) gene and is selected against in breeding programmes. Almond has a long intergeneration period due to its long juvenile phase, so breeders must wait 3 or 4 years to evaluate fruit traits in the field. For this reason, it is important to develop molecular markers to distinguish between sweet and bitter genotypes. The Sk gene is known to map to linkage group five (G5) of the almond genome, but its function is still undefined. Candidate genes involved in the amygdalin pathway have been mapped, but none of them were located to G5. We have saturated G5 with additional Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) using the progeny from the cross "R1000" x "Desmayo Largueta" and found six SSRs (UDA-045, EPDCU2584, CPDCT028, BPPCT037, PceGA025, and CPDCT016) closely linked to the Sk locus. The genotypes of four of these SSRs flanking the Sk locus, in a number of parents and a few seedlings of the CEBAS-CSIC almond breeding programme, allowed us to estimate the haplotypes of the parents, identifying the marker alleles adequate for an early and highly efficient selection against bitter genotypes. This analysis has established the usefulness of SSRs for screening populations of fruit trees such as almond by an easy, polymerase chain reaction-based method. |
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| Maps: |
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| Cross-references: |
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| Map Set Name: |
Almond-RD-Parental |
[ Show Only This Set ] |
| Abbreviated Name: |
Almond-RD-Parental |
[ Download Map Set Data ] |
| Accession ID: |
58 |
[ View Map Set In Matrix ] |
| Species: |
Prunus amygdalus (Almond) |
[ View Species Info ] |
| Map Type: |
Genetic |
[ View Map Type Info ] |
| Map Units: |
cM |
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| Published On: |
01 February, 2010 |
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Description of 2007 map:
|
Six tree traits (self-compatibility, blooming date, blooming density,
productivity, leafing date and ripening time) and five pomological
traits (kernel taste, in-shell weight, shell hardness, kernel weight and
double kernel) were studied in an F1 almond progeny of 167 seedlings
from the cross between the French cultivar R1000 and the Spanish
cultivar Desmayo Largueta . In addition, a set of 135 codominant
microsatellites or simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed
from peach, cherry and almond were used for the molecular characterization
of the progeny. A genetic linkage map was constructed with
56 of these SSRs. Cosegregation analysis allowed the identification of
the map positions of two major genes to be confirmed for kernel taste
(Sk) in linkage group five (G5) and for self-incompatibility (S) in G6.
QTLs mapped include two for leafing date (Lf-Q1 and Lf-Q2) in G1
and G4, one for shell hardness (D-Q) in G2, one each for double kernel
(Dk-Q) and productivity (P-Q) in G4, one for blooming date (Lb-Q) in
G4, two for kernel weight (Kw-Q1 and Kw-Q2) in G1 and G4, and two
for in-shell weight (Shw-Q1 and Shw-Q2) in G1 and G2. Four SSR loci
(BPPCT011, UDP96-013, UDP96-003 and PceGA025) were linked to
the important agronomic traits of leafing date, shell hardness,
blooming date and kernel taste. Finally, the development of efficient
marker-assisted selection strategies applied to almond and other
Prunus breeding programmes was also discussed.
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Description of 2010 map:
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Upon crushing, amygdalin present in bitter almonds is hydrolysed to benzaldehyde, which gives a bitter flavour, and to cyanide, which is toxic. Bitterness is attributable to the recessive allele of the Sweet kernel (Sk/sk) gene and is selected against in breeding programmes. Almond has a long intergeneration period due to its long juvenile phase, so breeders must wait 3 or 4 years to evaluate fruit traits in the field. For this reason, it is important to develop molecular markers to distinguish between sweet and bitter genotypes. The Sk gene is known to map to linkage group five (G5) of the almond genome, but its function is still undefined. Candidate genes involved in the amygdalin pathway have been mapped, but none of them were located to G5. We have saturated G5 with additional Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) using the progeny from the cross "R1000" x "Desmayo Largueta" and found six SSRs (UDA-045, EPDCU2584, CPDCT028, BPPCT037, PceGA025, and CPDCT016) closely linked to the Sk locus. The genotypes of four of these SSRs flanking the Sk locus, in a number of parents and a few seedlings of the CEBAS-CSIC almond breeding programme, allowed us to estimate the haplotypes of the parents, identifying the marker alleles adequate for an early and highly efficient selection against bitter genotypes. This analysis has established the usefulness of SSRs for screening populations of fruit trees such as almond by an easy, polymerase chain reaction-based method. |
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| Maps: |
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| Cross-references: |
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| Map Set Name: |
Almond-FT-F1 |
[ Show Only This Set ] |
| Abbreviated Name: |
Almond-FT-F1 |
[ Download Map Set Data ] |
| Accession ID: |
101 |
[ View Map Set In Matrix ] |
| Species: |
Prunus amygdalus (Almond) |
[ View Species Info ] |
| Map Type: |
Genetic |
[ View Map Type Info ] |
| Map Units: |
cM |
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| Published On: |
17 March, 2010 |
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FxT linkage map:
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Fifty-four RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers and 6 SSRs (simple sequence repeats) were included in a molecular marker map with 120 RFLPs (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) and 7 isozyme genes previously constructed using the offspring of a cross between the almond (Prunus amygdalus) cultivars 'Ferragnes' and 'Tuono'. Only highly reproducible RAPDs segregating 1:1 were used. To identify these markers, a total of 325 primers were screened, from which 41 produced RAPDs useful for mapping. Polymorphism was detected in six of the eight Prunus SSRs (simple sequence repeats) studied, thus enabling these to be mapped. All markers were placed on the 8 linkage groups previously identified. The number of new markers included in the map of 'Ferragnes' was 33 for a total of 126, and 30 in the map of 'Tuono' for a total of 99. The sizes of the maps of 'Ferragnes' (415 cM) and 'Tuono' (416 cM) were similar, representing a 5% increase over the maps constructed solely with isozymes and RFLPs. The estimated total size of the almond map was of 457 cM. Some markers were placed in zones with low density of markers and others in the extreme of linkage groups. The use of RAPD markers to complete genetic maps constructed with transferable markers is discussed. |
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Location of the self-incompatibility gene:
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A progeny obtained from the almond cross 'Ferragnhs' W 'Tuono' (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) was used to study the self-incompatibility trait in three different ways: fruit set, pollen tube growth and stylar ribonuclease activity. As expected from the genotypes of the parents, all progeny appeared phenotypically as self-compatible. However, the progeny could be scored for the segregation of stylar ribonuclease isozymes and thus allowed the incompatibility locus to be placed on the almond linkage map. |
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| Maps: |
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| Cross-references: |
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| Map Set Name: |
Almond-FB-F1 |
[ Show Only This Set ] |
| Abbreviated Name: |
Almond-FB-F1 |
[ Download Map Set Data ] |
| Accession ID: |
121 |
[ View Map Set In Matrix ] |
| Species: |
Prunus amygdalus (Almond) |
[ View Species Info ] |
| Map Type: |
Genetic |
[ View Map Type Info ] |
| Map Units: |
cM |
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| Published On: |
01 March, 1998 |
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Description:
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This is an almond genetic map constructed from an F1 of a cross between 'Felisia' x 'Bertina' (FxB). 'Felisia' was initially called D-3-5.
Linkage group were constructed using RFLP, RAPD and Isozyme markers. |
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Reference 1:
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J. Ballester. 1998. Localitzacio I analisi de caracters d'interes agronomic de
l'ametller. Ph.D. Thesis. Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. |
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