Integration of physical and genetic maps in apple confirms whole-genome and segmental duplications in the apple genome
Publication Overview
Abstract A total of 355 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed, based on expressed sequence tag (EST) and
bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-end sequence databases, and successfully used to construct an SSR-based
genetic linkage map of the apple. The consensus linkage map spanned 1143 cM, with an average density of 2.5 cM
per marker. Newly developed SSR markers along with 279 SSR markers previously published by the HiDRAS project
were further used to integrate physical and genetic maps of the apple using a PCR-based BAC library screening
approach. A total of 470 contigs were unambiguously anchored onto all 17 linkage groups of the apple genome, and
158 contigs contained two or more molecular markers. The genetically mapped contigs spanned ;421 Mb in
cumulative physical length, representing 60.0% of the genome. The sizes of anchored contigs ranged from 97 kb to
4.0 Mb, with an average of 995 kb. The average physical length of anchored contigs on each linkage group was
;24.8 Mb, ranging from 17.0 Mb to 37.73 Mb. Using BAC DNA as templates, PCR screening of the BAC library
amplified fragments of highly homologous sequences from homoeologous chromosomes. Upon integrating physical
and genetic maps of the apple, the presence of not only homoeologous chromosome pairs, but also of multiple
locus markers mapped to adjacent sites on the same chromosome was detected. These findings demonstrated the
presence of both genome-wide and segmental duplications in the apple genome and provided further insights into
the complex polyploid ancestral origin of the apple.
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