Rosaceae Trait Ontology

GDR has made an effort to standardize the trait names and the abbreviations for all the trait data entered in the database.  GDR QTL are associated with these trait terms and QTL labels, assigned by GDR, use the below abbreviations for the listed traits.  Each of these trait terms is either an existing term or a child term of the existing term of the plant trait ontology. One trait term can belong to multiple Root TO term. The trait term can be used to describe any Rosaceae crops and the 'crop associated' column shows some example crops that have QTL for the term. When possible, we have used abbreviations that are consistent with established trait or crop ontologies. Where new ones were developed they have been submitted to the Trait Ontology consortium for inclusion. We would appreciate if new studies could use these standardized terms where possible. If you have a new trait or are unsure about the naming please contact us.

Root TO Term Trait Term Abbreviation Definition Crop associated (can be used for other crops)
biochemical 1-decanol content 1DOL amount of volatile compound 1-decanol in fruit strawberry
biochemical 1-methyloctyl butanoate content 1MOBAT amount of volatile compound 1-methyloctyl butanoate in fruit strawberry
biochemical 1-octanol content 1OOL amount of volatile compound 1-octanol in fruit strawberry
biochemical 1-penten-3-one content 1PN3ON amount of volatile compound 1-penten-3-one in fruit strawberry
biochemical 2-decenal content 2DAL amount of volatile compound 2-decenal in fruit strawberry
biochemical 2-heptanone content 2HPON amount of volatile compound 2-heptanone in fruit strawberry
biochemical 2-heptenal content 2HPAL amount of volatile compound 2-heptenal  in fruit strawberry
biochemical 2-hexen-1-ol content 2H1OL amount of volatile compound 2-hexen-1-ol  in fruit strawberry
biochemical 2-methyl butyl acetate content MBAC amount of volatile compund 2-methyl butyl acetate in fruit apple
biochemical 2-methylbutyl acetate content 2MBAC amount of volatile compound 2-methylbutyl acetate in fruit strawberry
biochemical 2-nonanone content 2NON amount of volatile compound 2-nonanone in fruit strawberry
biochemical 2-octenal content 2OAL amount of volatile compound 2-octenal in fruit strawberry
biochemical 2-pentenal content 2PAL amount of volatile compound 2-pentenal in fruit strawberry
biochemical 3-methylbutyl acetate content 3MBAC amount of volatile compound 3-methylbutyl acetate in fruit strawberry
biochemical 3-octanol content OOL amount of volatile compound 3-octanol in fruit apple
biochemical 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one content 6M5HP2ON amount of volatile compound 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one in fruit strawberry
biochemical allylanisol content AL amount of volatile compund allylanisol in fruit apple
biochemical alpha farnesene content AFR amount of volatile compound alpha farnesene in fruit apple
biochemical amygdalin hydrolase activity AH presence and activation of amygdalin hydrolase in fruit apple
biochemical anthocyanin content ATCYN amount anthocyanin present in fruit strawberry
biochemical benzaldehyde content BZAL amount of volatile compound benzaldehyde in fruit strawberry
biochemical benzyl acetate content BZAC amount of volatile compound benzyl acetate in fruit strawberry
biochemical beta damascenone content BDMN amount of volatile compound beta damascenone in fruit apple
biochemical butanol content BOL amount of volatile compound butanol in fruit apple
biochemical butyl 2-methyl butanoate content B2MBAT amount of volatile compound butyl 2-methyl butanoate in fruit apple
biochemical butyl acetate content BAC amount of volatile compound butyl acetate in fruit apple
biochemical butyl butanoate content BBAT amount of volatile compound butyl butanoate in fruit apple
biochemical butyl hexanoate content BHAT amount of volatile compound butyl hexanoate in fruit strawberry
biochemical caffeic acid glucoside content CAGLU amount of caffeic acid glucoside in fruit raspberry
biochemical caffeic acid unknown content CAU amount of caffeic acid unknown in fruit raspberry
biochemical catechin content CAT amount of polyphenolic compound catechin in fruit apple
biochemical catechin unknown content CATU amount of polyphenolic compound catechin unknown in fruit raspberry
biochemical chlorogenic acid content CLGA amount of polyphenolic compound chlorogenic acid in fruit apple
biochemical chlorophyll content CHLCN amount of chlorophyll in shoots rose
biochemical cinnamyl acetate content CNAC amount of volatile compound cinnamyl acetate in fruit strawberry
biochemical citric acid content CITA amount of citric acid n fruits peach; strawberry
biochemical cyanidin 3-O-2G-glucosylrutinoside content C3GR amount of cyanidin 3-O-2G-glucosylrutinoside in fruit raspberry
biochemical cyanidin 3-O-2G-xylosylrutinoside & cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside content C3XR_C3R amount of cyanidin 3-O-2G-xylosylrutinoside & cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside in fruit raspberry
biochemical cyanidin 3-O-2G-xylosylrutinoside content C3XR amount of cyanidin 3-O-2G-xylosylrutinoside in fruit raspberry
biochemical cyanidin 3-O-arabinoside content C3ARA amount of cyanidin 3-O-arabinoside in fruit apple
biochemical cyanidin 3-O-galactoside content C3GAL amount of cyanidin 3-O-galactoside in fruit apple
biochemical cyanidin 3-O-glucoside & cyanidin 3-O-sambubioside content C3G_C3SB amount of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside & cyanidin 3-O-sambubioside in fruit raspberry
biochemical cyanidin 3-O-glucoside content C3G amount of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside in fruit raspberry
biochemical cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside content C3R amount of cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside in fruit raspberry
biochemical cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside content C3S amount of cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside in fruit raspberry
biochemical decyl acetate content DAC amount of volatile compound decyl acetate in fruit strawberry
biochemical dehydroascorbate content in fruit flesh DASAFF amount of dehydroascorbate in fruit flesh apple
biochemical epicatechin content ECAT amount of polyphenolic compound epicatechin in fruit apple
biochemical ethyl acetate content EAC amount of volatile compound ethyl acetate in fruit strawberry
biochemical ethyl decanoate content EDAT amount of volatile compound ethyl decanoate in fruit strawberry
biochemical ethyl hexanoate content EHAT amount of volatile compound ethyl hexanoate in fruit strawberry
biochemical ethylene production EP amount of ethylene produced from fruit (postharvest) apple
biochemical eugenol content EGL amount of volatile compound eugenol in fruit strawberry
biochemical flavonoid content FV amount of flavonoid compounds in fruit peach
biochemical foliar dehydroascorbate content FDASA amount of dehydroascorbate in leaves apple
biochemical foliar glutathione content FGHS amount of glutathione in leaves apple
biochemical foliar L-ascorbic acid content FASA amount of  L-ascorbic acid in leaves apple
biochemical foliar oxidized GSH content FOGSH amount of oxidized GSH in leaves apple
biochemical fructose content FRU amount of fructose in fruit peach; strawberry; apple
biochemical gamma-decalactone content GDLN amount of volatile compound gamma-decalactone  in fruit strawberry
biochemical gamma-dodecalactone content GDDLN amount of volatile compound gamma-dodecalactone in fruit strawberry
biochemical geranyl acetate content GRAC amount of volatile compound geranyl acetate in fruit rose
biochemical glucose content GLC amount of glucose in fruit peach; strawberry; apple
biochemical glucosyltransferase activity trait GT presence and activity of glucosyltransferase in fruit almond
biochemical heptanal content HPAL amount of volatile compound heptanal in fruit strawberry
biochemical heptanol content HPOL amount of volatile compound heptanol in fruit apple
biochemical hexanol content HOL amount of volatile compound hexanol in fruit apple
biochemical hexyl acetate content HAC amount of volatile compound hexyl acetate in fruit apple
biochemical hexyl butanoate content HBAT amount of volatile compound hexyl butanoate in fruit apple
biochemical hexyl hexanoate content HHAT amount of volatile compound hexyl hexanoate in fruit apple
biochemical Iso-pentanol content IPNOL amount of volatile compound Iso-pentanol  in fruit apple
biochemical kernel taste KTST taste of kernels, ranging from bitter to sweet almond
biochemical L-ascorbic acid content ASA amount of L-ascorbic acid in fruit, high level of which is associated with improved fruit postharvest quality strawberry
biochemical L-ascorbic acid content in fruit flesh ASAFF amount of L-ascorbic acid in fruit flesh, high level of which is associated with improved fruit postharvest quality apple
biochemical linalool content LNOL amount of volatile compound linalool strawberry
biochemical linoleic acid content LNA amount of linoleic acid almond
biochemical malic acid content MA amount of malic acid  peach
biochemical mandelonitrile lyase activity MDL presence and activation of mandelonitrile lyase, a constitutive defence (alpha- hydroxinitrile lyase) compound that is activated upon tissue damage or pathogen attack apricot
biochemical mesifurane content MFN amount of volatile compound mesifurane strawberry
biochemical methyl benzoate content MBZAT amount of volatile compound methyl benzoate strawberry
biochemical methyl decanoate content MDAT amount of volatile compound methyl decanoate strawberry
biochemical methyl hexanoate content MHAT amount of volatile compound  methyl hexanoate strawberry
biochemical methyl octanoate content MOAT amount of volatile compound methyl octanoate strawberry
biochemical methyl pentanoate content MPNAT amount of volatile compound methyl pentanoate strawberry
biochemical myrtenol content MYOL amount of volatile compound myrtenol  strawberry
biochemical myrtenyl acetate content MYAC amount of volatile compound myrtenyl acetate strawberry
biochemical nerol content NROL amount of nerol rose
biochemical nerolidol content NRDL amount of volatile compound  nerolidol strawberry
biochemical neryl acetate content NRAC amount of neryl acetate rose
biochemical non-acid fruit NAFR fruit above the pH value 4.0, contributing to the taste of the fruit peach
biochemical nonanal content NAL amount of volatile compound nonanal strawberry
biochemical nonyl acetate content NAC amount of volatile compound nonyl acetate strawberry
biochemical octyl acetate content OAC amount of volatile compound octyl acetate in fruit strawberry
biochemical octyl butanoate content OBAT amount of volatile compound octyl butanoate in fruit strawberry
biochemical octyl hexanoate content OHAT amount of volatile compound octyl hexanoate in fruit strawberry
biochemical oleic acid content OA amount of oleic acid almond
biochemical O-methyl transferase activity OMT O-methyl transferase activity apple
biochemical palmitic acid content PALTA amount of palmitic acid in the kernel, an important part of kernal transport and quality evaluation almond
biochemical palmitoleic acid content PALTLA amount of palmitoleic acid in the kernel, an important part of kernel transport and qulaity evaluation almond
biochemical p-coumaric glucoside content pCG amount of p-coumaric glucoside raspberry
biochemical p-coumaroyl quinic acid content CQA amount of polyphenolic compund p-coumaroyl quinic acid apple
biochemical pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside content P3G amount of pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside raspberry
biochemical pelargonidin 3-O-glucosylrutinoside content P3GR amount of pelargonidin 3-O-glucosylrutinoside raspberry
biochemical pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside content P3R amount of pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside raspberry
biochemical pentanol content PNOL amount of pentanol apple
biochemical pentyl acetate content PNAC amount of pentyl acetate apple
biochemical PH PH level of acidity present peach
biochemical phenolic compound content PHE amount of phenolic compounds peach
biochemical phloridzin-xyloside content PHX amount of polyphenolic compund phloridzin-xyloside apple
biochemical procyanidin B2 content PCB amount of polyphenolic compund procyanidin B2 apple
biochemical propyl acetate content PRAC amount of volatile compound propyl acetate apple
biochemical propyl hexanoate content PRHAT amount  of volatile compound propyl hexanoate apple
biochemical protein content PRTN amount of protein almond
biochemical prunasin hydrolase activity PHY presence and activation of prunasin hydrolase, a constitutive defence (beta-glucosidase) compound that is activated upon tissue damage or pathogen attack apricot
biochemical quercetin 3-O-arabinofuranoside content Q3AF amount of polyphenolic compund quercetin 3-O-arabinofuranoside apple
biochemical quercetin 3-O-glucoside content Q3GLU amount of polyphenolic compund quercetin 3-O-glucoside apple
biochemical quercetin 3-O-rutinoside content Q3R amount of polyphenolic compund quercetin 3-O-rutinoside apple
biochemical quercetin 3-O-xyloside content Q3X amount of polyphenolic compund quercetin 3-O-xyloside apple
biochemical quercetin glucoside content QG amount of quercetin glucoside raspberry
biochemical quercetin glucuronide content QGN amount of quercetin glucoronide raspberry
biochemical quercetin unknown content QU amount of quercetin unknown raspberry
biochemical quinic acid content QA amount of quinic acid apple
biochemical relative antioxidant capacity RAC relative amount of antioxidant peach
biochemical sorbitol content SOR amount of sorbitol in fruit flesh peach; apple
biochemical stearic acid content STA amount of stearic acid in fruit almond
biochemical stomatal conductance ST stomatal conductance apple
biochemical sucrose content SUC amount of sucrose peach; strawberry; apple
biochemical sugar content SUG amount of sugar apple; peach
biochemical sugar content of shaded side of the fruit SUGG sugar content (brix)  of the shaded (green) side of the fruit apple
biochemical sugar content of the sunny side of the fruit SUGR sugar content (brix) of the sunny (red) side of the fruit apple
biochemical terpineol content TPL amount of volatile compound terpineol strawberry
biochemical titratable acidity TITA measured with an automatic titrator with pH meter and autoburete, and results were referred to grams of citric acid per 100 grams of fresh weight strawberry; peach; apple
biochemical tocopherol homologues content TPH amount of tocopherol homologues in kernel almond
biochemical total acidity TA total amount of acid peach
biochemical total water soluble content SSC total amount of water soluble content plum; peach; cherry
biochemical unknown procyanidin oligomer 1 content UPCO1 amount of polyphenolic compund unknown procyanidin oligomer 1 apple
biochemical unknown procyanidin oligomer 2 content UPCO2 amount of polyphenolic compund unknown procyanidin oligomer 2 apple
biochemical unknown procyanidin oligomer 3 content UPCO3 amount of polyphenolic compund unknown procyanidin oligomer 3 apple
biochemical unknown procyanidin oligomer 4 content UPCO4 amount of polyphenolic compund unknown procyanidin oligomer 4  apple
biochemical unknown procyanidin oligomer 5 content UPCO5 amount of polyphenolic compund unknown procyanidin oligomer 5 apple
biochemical volatile organic compounds content VOC amount of volatile organic compounds  apple
biological process transpiration rate TRPR rate of transpiration apple
plant growth and development abnormal growth after insufficient stratification ABNG abnormal growth after insufficient stratification peach
plant growth and development aborting fruit ABFR trees that do not yield any fruit at maturity apricot
plant growth and development bloom date BD the day when approximately 50% of the flowers were open peach
plant growth and development chilling requirement CR feature essential for cycling between vegetative or floral growth and dormancy, require exposure to cold temperatures almond; peach
plant growth and development date of budbreak DBD date of budbreak expressed in the number of days from January 1st apple
plant growth and development date of green point GP A phenological stage where 50% of all tree buds (either vegetative or flowering) showing some green apple
plant growth and development day neutrality DN plants that are photoperiod insensitive apple
plant growth and development days to flowering DFL The number of days required for an individual flower, a whole plant or a plant population to reach flowering stage from a predetermined time point.  rose
plant growth and development days to maturity DMAT    
plant growth and development ecodormancy release date ECRD inhibition of growth by environmental factors peach
plant growth and development endodormancy release date EDRD inhibition of growth by mechanisms intrinsic to bud peach
plant growth and development evergrowing EVG terminal apices continue growing through winter conditions peach
plant growth and development flesh browning rate FB change of flesh color from its normal state, a symptom of cold injury peach, apple
plant growth and development flowering time FWT time of first flower apricot
plant growth and development fruit development period FDP number of days between blooming and maturity dates  peach
plant growth and development germination date GMD The duration of stratification time prior to radicle protrusion peach
plant growth and development harvest date HD   apple
plant growth and development heat requirement HR Heat accumulation required for floral or vegetative bud break. peach; almond
plant growth and development heat requirement for blooming HRB heat requirement for blooming peach
plant growth and development heat requirement for ecodormancy release HREC heat requirement for ecodormancy release peach
plant growth and development internode length INL internode length pear; peach
plant growth and development juice browning JB browning of juice, visually assessed apple
plant growth and development juvenile phase length JPL number of years until the first inflorescences in fruit trees apple
plant growth and development late blooming LB blooming after the risks of spring frost is low or nonexistent almond
plant growth and development leaf break LFB leaves breaking out of the bud apple
plant growth and development period of time between endodormancy and ecodormancy release PENEC days between endodormancy and ecodormancy release peach
plant growth and development period of time between endodormancy release and blooming PENB days between endodormancy release and blooming peach
plant growth and development perpetual flowering PF trait of some perennials that have the ability to flower more than once a year, also called as remontancy rose, strawberry
plant growth and development ripening time RPT Julian days when 95% of the mesocarps had split apricot; peach
plant growth and development rootstock-induced dwarfing DWF root stock induced dwarfing of apple scions apple
plant growth and development stratification requirement STFCR requirement ofstratification, measured based on duration of stratification treatments and the presence or absence of germination after the initial planting peach
plant growth and development stem node number STNN number of nodes on the stem rose
plant growth and development time of initial vegetative budbreak TIVB first new bud after winter/ frost apple
plant morphology anther color ATCL color of anther almond;rose
plant morphology base diameter BD base diameter of tree apple
plant morphology base diameter increment BDI change in base diameter of tree apple
plant morphology basis angle of long sylleptic axillary shoots BL basic angle of long sylleptic axillary shoots sprouting from trunk apple
plant morphology branch number BN number of branches arising from the central leader apple
plant morphology broomy growth habit BR exhibiting a columnar or pillar growth habit peach
plant morphology cane pubescence CPUB fine hairs on the cane raspberry
plant morphology cord bending of long sylleptic axillary shoots CBS cord bending of long sylleptic axillary shoots apple
plant morphology double flower DFLW Double corolla rose
plant morphology flesh color around the stone FCLST color of flesh around the stone cherrry; peach
plant morphology flower color FLCL color of flower peach; rose
plant morphology flower shape FLSH shape of flower peach
plant morphology flower size FLWS size of flower rose
plant morphology fruit color FRCL color of fruit exocarp strawberry; peach
plant morphology fruit depth FRDP distance between suture and opposite side at the equatorial zone of fruit peach
plant morphology fruit diameter FRDIA diameter of fruit, measured in mm cherry; peach; strawberry; apple
plant morphology fruit diameter to length ratio FRDLR fruit diameter/ length strawberry
plant morphology fruit circumference FCIR fruit circumference apple
plant morphology fruit hairiness FRHR how much hair is present on fruit peach
plant morphology fruit length FRL length of fruit strawberry
plant morphology fruit set FRST percentage of flowers that produce fruit strawberry
plant morphology fruit shape FRSH shape of fruit apricot; raspberry
plant morphology fruit size FRSZ size of fruit raspberry
plant morphology fruit skin color FSC color of fruit color peach; apricot; sweet cherry
plant morphology fruit weight FRW weight of fruit apricot; peach; cherry; apple
plant morphology fruit width FRWD distance between the two sides (cheeks) of fruit peach
plant morphology internode number INNB number of internodes apple
plant morphology leaf area LFA area of leaf rose
plant morphology leaf color LFCL color of leaf peach
plant morphology leaf dry weight LFDW weight of leaf after drying rose
plant morphology leaf gland LSR presence of glands at the leaf base peach
plant morphology leaf length LFL length of leaf  
plant morphology leaf number LFN number of leaf  
plant morphology leaf shape LFSH shape of leaf peach
plant morphology leaf size LFSZ size of leaf rose
plant morphology leaf vein density LVD number of veins per unit area of a leaf Prunus mume
plant morphology leaf vein number LVN number of veins per leaf Prunus mume
plant morphology leaf width LFW leaf width  
plant morphology length of the longest internode of long sylleptic axillary shoots INLmaxS length between the furthest apart nodes on the axillary branches apple
plant morphology length of the longest internode of the trunk INLmaxT length between the furthest apart nodes on the trunk apple
plant morphology mean internode length of long sylleptic axillary shoots INLS average length between nodes on the axillary branches apple
plant morphology mesocarp color MCCL color of fruit flesh peach
plant morphology number of axillary shoots NAS number of branches, including long shoots (longer than 20 cm), brindles (between 5 and 20 cm), and spurs (shorter than 5cm) apple
plant morphology number of brindles NB number of brindles (branches between 5 cm and 20 cm) apple
plant morphology number of flower bunches NFLWB number of flower bunches counted per tree apple
plant morphology number of latents buds on the trunk NLT number of latent buds of the trunk apple
plant morphology number of long shoots NLS number of long shoots (branches longer than 20 cm) apple
plant morphology number of spurs NBSP number of spurs (branches shorter than 5 cm) apple
plant morphology percentage of long shoots PLS number of long shoots/ total axillary shoots of the tree apple
plant morphology petal color PTCL colors of petal, showing differences in anthocyanin content raspberry
plant morphology petal number PTNB number of petals on flowers rose
plant morphology petiole length PTOL petiole length  
plant morphology pistil death PSTD number of pistils that died early sour cherry
plant morphology plant height PLHT height of plant peach; strawberry
plant morphology plant volume PVOL 1/3 surface X length of tree apple
plant morphology plant width PLWD width of plant strawberry
plant morphology polycarpel PCP Fruit doubling, or fused multiple fruits, occur in stone fruits when plants are subjected to environmental stress during critical stages of floral bud development where two or more carpels develop in each flower stone fruits
plant morphology presence of prickles PRK presence of prickles, thorns, or spines rubus and rosa
plant morphology prickle density PRKD density of prickles, number of prickles per unit area raspberry
plant morphology red skin pigmentation RSP red skin pigmentation occur in the final stage of development, over the background color. The red color is due to anthocyanin compounds peach; cherry
plant morphology root length RTL    
plant morphology seedling leaf size SLFS size of seedling leaf apple
plant morphology seedling stem diameter SSTD diameter of seedling stem apple
plant morphology shoot dry weight SHDW weight of shoot after drying rose
plant morphology shoot habit SHHBT growth habit (sprawling ground cover vs spreading bush) rose
plant morphology specific leaf area SLFA ratio of leaf area to dry mass rose
plant morphology stem angle STANG angle of stem  rose
plant morphology stem diameter STDIA diameter of stem apple
plant morphology stem dry weight STDW weight of stem when water content is removed rose
plant morphology stem thickness STTH thickness of stem  
plant morphology total branch number TB total number of branches on a plant, done by counting long shoots and brindles of more than 10 cm; spurs were not taken into account apricot
plant morphology tree growth morphology TGM tree presents standard or columnar growth habit apple
plant morphology tree shape TSH shape assessed using the technical protocol for distinctness, uniformity, and stability tests of the Community Plant Variety Office; comprising the classes of fastigate, upright, upright to spreading, spreading, drooping, and weeping apricot
plant morphology trunk diameter TRDIA diameter of trunk apricot
plant morphology unbranched upper zone of trunk UZTR internode- last axillary shoot apple
quality flesh adhesion FSHA presence of freestone or clingstone peach
quality flowering date FD date of first flower opening  apple
quality fruit crispness FRCR sensory measure of fruit texture, representative of hardness and juiciness apple
quality fruit crunchiness FRCRN sensory measure of fruit texture, crisp at the first bite with the front teeth, plus the noise resulting from this bite apple
quality fruit dry weight FRDW weight of fruit after drying strawberry
quality fruit fibrousness FRFB physical perception of flesh fiber apple
quality fruit firmness FRFRM force required for first bite peach; apple; strawberry
quality fruit firmness of shaded side of the fruit FRFRMG flesh firmness of the green side (shaded side) apple
quality fruit firmness of the sunny side of the fruit FRFRMR flesh firmness of the red side (sunny side) apple
quality fruit flavor trait FRF sensory perception of flavor of fruit peach
quality fruit graininess FRGR physical perception of the flesh grain apple
quality fruit hardness FRHD sensory perception of hardness of fruit apple
quality fruit juiciness FRJUC sensory perception of texture, hinging on presence of juice apple
quality fruit mealiness FRML Perception of dry and mealy flesh (sensory fruit texture variable) apple
quality fruit meltiness FRMT force required to crush a piece of unpeeled apple between the tongue and palate apple
quality fruit ripening trait FRRP soluble solid concentration/ titrability acidity peach
quality fruit stiffness FST fruit stiffness measured by acoustic resonance with weight correction apple
quality fruit texture FT combination of different features, all dependent on the anatomical properties of primary cell wall. Force applied to the apple cortex breaks the chemical bonding of either the middle lamella or the cell wall, resulting in a mealy or crispy apple flesh texture characteristic, respectively apple
quality kernel diameter KD  (L × W × T)^1/3, L=length, W=Width, T=thickness almond
quality kernel length KL length of kernel almond
qualitly fruit russet FR russet occurrence on fruit apple
quality kernel spherical index KSI geometric diameter/Length, where diameter is  (L × W × T)^1/3, L=length, W=Width, T=thickness almond
quality kernel thickness KTC thickness of kernel almond
quality kernel weight KW weight of kernel almond
quality kernel width KWD width of the kernel almond
quality nut diameter ND (L × W × T)^1/3 (L=length, W=width, T=thickness) almond
quality nut length NL length of nut, measured with digital caliper with precisin of 0.01 mm almond
quality nut size NS LxWxT, (L=length, W=width, T=thickness) almond
quality nut spherical index NSI diameter/ length, where diameter is (L × W × T)^1/3 (L=length, W=width, T=thickness) almond
quality nut thickness NT thickness of nuts almond
quality nut weight NW weight of nut almond
quality nut width NWD width of nut almond
quality preharvest fruit drop PFD  ratio of the number of dropped fruits before harvest to the total number of fruits  apple
quality russet-calyx RC russet occurrence on calyx side apple
quality russet-pedicel RP russet occurrence on the pedicel side apple
quality seed size SDS size of seed almond
quality shell hardness SH hardness of the shell, measured by shelling percentage (weight of kernel/ weight of nut) almond
quality soft scald SCALD Fruit were scored as having soft scald if they had distinct brown, usually sunken, and often longitudinal lesions on the skin of the fruit appearing after a period of cold storage apple
quality soggy breakdown SBD Fruit were scored as having soggy breakdown if they had distinct brown and spongy tissue in the fruit cortex apple
quality total fat content TFAT total amount of fat almond
stature or vigor fruit height FRHT height of fruit , measured with digital calipers apple
stature or vigor growth rate GR growth rate of plant apple
stature or vigor plant height growth rate PHGR change in height between yearly measurements apple
stature or vigor plant height increment PHI difference in height after one year apple
stature or vigor plant surface SURF plant surface apple
stature or vigor stem length STHT length of stem Prunus mume
stature or vigor stem taper STTP stem diameter/ height ratio Prunus mume
stature or vigor total growth increment TGI the sum of the height increment of the main axis during the growth season, the length of the branches which were developed during the growth season and the extension of the branches which were developed during previous growth season apple
sterility or fertility gametophytic incompatibility GI system that prevents self pollination almond; apricot
sterility or fertility male sterility MS male pollen sterility peach
sterility or fertility pollen germination PGR number of pollen grains tart cherry
sterility or fertility self-incompatibility SI method of preventing self pollination almond
stress chilling injury resistance CI resistance to cold, which causes browning and flesh bleeding peach
stress nematode damage resistance NDR resitance to damage caused by nematodes peach
stress resistance to Amphorophora agathonica RAA resistance to the aphid Amphorophora idaei black raspberry
stress resistance to Amphorophora idaei RAI resistance to Amphorophora idaei, which transmits four major raspberry viruses red raspberry
stress resistance to  Cacopsylla pyri RCP resistance to  cacopsylla pyri, which causes high yield losses pear
stress resistance to  Diplocarpon rosae RDR resistance to  Diplocarpon rosae, which causes necroses on the petals rose
stress resistance to  Dysaphis cf. devecta RDD resistance to  Dysaphis cf. devecta, which causes red curled leave and damaged fruits apple
stress resistance to  Dysaphis plantaginea RDP resistance to  Dysaphis plantaginea, which causes stunting and malformation of leaves and fruits apple
stress resistance to  Meloidogyne arenaria RMA resistance to  Meloidogyne arenaria, which causes major economic losses plum
stress resistance to  Meloidogyne incognita RMI resistance to  Meloidogyne incognita, a plant parasite peach
stress resistance to  Myzus persicae RMP resistance to  Myzus persicae, which causes leaf curling, heavy breakdown in shoot growth, and reduced fruit quality peach
stress resistance to  plum pox virus RPPV resistance to  plum pox virus, which causes sharka apricot
stress resistance to  powdery mildew PMR resistance to  powdery mildew peach
stress resistance to  Venturia nashicola RVN resistance to  Venturia nashicola, which causes a necrotic infection pear
stress resistance to  Xanthomonas arboricola pv. Pruni RXAP resistance to  Xanthomonas arboricola, causal agent for bacterial spot disease, which cause severe defoliation and blemishing of fruit apricot
stress resistance to Armillaria species RAR resistance to Armillaria species which causes Armillaria crown and root rot in Prunus rootstock Prunus rootstock
stress resistance to Blumeriella jaapii RBJ resistance to Blumeriella jaapii which causes leaf spot in tart cherry tart cherry
stress resistance to Botryosphaeria berengeriana RBB resistance to Botryosphaeria berengeriana, causal agent of apple ring rot and canker  apple
stress resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea RBD resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea, which causes white rot on apples apple
stress resistance to Colletotrichum acutatum RCA resistance to  Colletotrichum acutatum, which causes severe damage in nursery and field crops strawberry
stress resistance to Diplocarpon rosae RDR resistance to Diplocarpon rosae which causes black spot in rose rose
stress resistance to Erwinia amylovora REA resistance to Erwinia amylovora, which causes necrogenic disease, fire blight apple, pear
stress resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae RFOF resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae which causes Fusarium wilt in strawberry strawberry
stress resistance to Gloeosporium and Colletotrichum species RGC resistance to Gloeosporium and Colletotrichum spp. which causes anthracnose crown rot in strawberry strawberry
stress resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina RMP resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina which causes Macrophomina crown and root rot in strawberry strawberry
stress resistance to Monilinia fructicola RMF resistance to Monilinia fructicola which causes brown rot in peach peach
stress resistance to peach tree short life syndrome PTSL nematode-related disease syndrome of peach caused by a complex of biotic, climatic, and edaphic factors peach
stress resistance to Penicillium expansum RPE resistance to Penicillium expansum which causes blue mold in apple apple
stress resistance to Phytophthora cactorum RPC resistance to  Phytophthora cactorum, which causes severe damage in nursery and field production strawberry
stress resistance to Phytophthora cactorum RPHC resistance to Phytophthora cactorum which causes Phytophthora crown rot in strawberry strawberry
stress resistance to Podosphaera clandestina RPOC resistance to Podosphaera clandestina which causes powdery mildew in sweet cherry sweet cherry
stress resistance to Venturia inaequalis RVI resistance to  Venturia inaequalis, which causes fungal disease in apples (apple scab) apple
stress resistance to Verticillium dahliae RVD resistance to Verticillium dahliae which causes Verticillium wilt in strawberry strawberry
stress resistance to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni RXAP resistance to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni which causes bacterial spot in peach peach
stress resistance to Xanthomonas fragariae RXF resistance to Xanthomonas fragariae which causes bacterial angular leaf spot in strawberry strawberry
stress restistance to  Candidatus  Phytoplasma pruni RCPP restistance to X-disease, cased by Candidatus  Phytoplasma pruni, which causes yield loss and poor fruit quality chokecherry and other Prunus species
yield fruit fresh weight FRFW weight of fresh fruit peach
yield fruit number FN number of  fruits per plant strawberry
yield harvest index HI weight of harvested product as percentage of total plant weight apple
yield seed set number SDSN number of seed sets present, a measure of productivity almond
yield yield trait YLD yield per plant strawberry; peach