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Overview
Genus | Malus |
Species | all species |
Common Name | Malus |
Abbreviation | Malus (all species) |
Ploidy | varies by species |
Chromosome Number | varies by species |
Genome Size | varies by species |
Available Markers | 2,653,806 |
Available Maps | 122 |
Available QTLs | 1,614 |
Available MTLs | 53 |
Available Phenotype Data | 165,072 measurements |
Available Genotype Data | 2,137,578 SNP genotypes; 51,129 SSRgenotypes |
Genome Assemblies | 6 |
Libraries
The following libraries are associated with this organism.
Description
The genus Malus comprises a variable number of species, from as few as 25 to well over 50, depending on how hybrids and subspecies and varieties are classified. The species of major economic importance is the domesticated apple (Malus x domestica), but several of the wild species are used as rootstocks, ornamental trees (flowering crabs), and sources of disease resistance for domesticated apple. The center of diversity for the Malus genus is in Asia, and many species are native to China. The species range extends to western Europe and parts of both eastern and western North America. Malus species grow as deciduous, woody shrubs and trees in forested areas. Most species are obligate outcrossers, and produce fruits that range from 1 cm to >5 cm in diameter. Species and can be propagated by seed, but are usually grafted to preserve desired genotypes in a cultivated setting.
Interspecific hybridization is often successful among species of the same ploidy level, and wide intergeneric hybridization events between domesticated apple and Pyrus communis (European pear) can potentially yield fertile offspring. The majority of the species in the genus are diploid, with a haploid number of n=17. Ploidy levels in the genus range from 2x to 5x, and there are several species that span multiple ploidy levels. Genome size estimates are not available for every species in the genus, but a comprehensive survey of C-values shows that most diploids have a nuclear DNA content within 5% of domesticated apple, which has an estimated genome size of approximately 750 Mb. This indicates that there is not high variation in genome size within a ploidy level. Species with higher ploidy levels have predictably higher DNA content levels, but with a trend towards a decreasing amount of DNA per genome.
Transcripts
Available Malus transcript data in GDR . Click on the Transcript Assembly name for more detailed information. The Malus Reference Transcriptome (Malus RefTrans v1.0) from published RNA-Seq and EST data is coming soon.
Transcript Assembly |
Date Constructed |
Stats |
Malus x domestica GDR RefTrans V1 |
2017-01-24 |
Input EST Reads: 326,941
Input RNA-Seq Reads: 2.1 billion
Assembled Contigs: 85,918 |
Malus Unigene v5 |
2012-12-14 |
Input EST Reads: 325,111
Assembled Contigs: 25,525
Singlets: 60,918 |
Malus Unigene v4 |
2008-01-01 |
Input EST Reads: 249,195
Assembled Contigs: 23,284
Singlets: 53,200 |
Malus Unigene v3 |
2006-08-01 |
Input EST Reads: 250,907
Assembled Contigs: 23,868
Singlets: 58,982 |
Malus Unigene v2 |
2005-12-19 |
Input EST Reads: 195,553
Assembled Contigs: 22,435
Singlets: 45,556 |
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